Design Concept Research Articles

Design Principles and Routes for Calcium Alkoxyaluminate Electrolytes.

Multivalent-ion battery technologies are increasingly attractive options for meeting diverse energy storage needs. Calcium ion batteries (CIB) are particularly appealing candidates for their earthly abundance, high theoretical volumetric energy density, and relative safety advantages. At present, only a few Ca-ion electrolyte systems are reported to reversibly plate at room temperature: for example, aluminates and borates, including Ca[TPFA]2, where [TPFA]- = [Al(OC(CF3)3)4]- and Ca[B(hfip)4]2, [B(hfip)4]2- = [B(OCH(CF3)2)4]-. Analyzing the structure of these salts reveals a common theme: the prevalent use of a weakly coordinating anion (WCA) consisting of a tetracoordinate aluminum/boron (Al/B) center with fluorinated alkoxides. Leveraging the concept of theory-aided design, we report an innovative, one-pot synthesis of two new calcium-ion electrolyte salts (Ca[Al(tftb)4]2, Ca[Al(hftb)4]2) and two reported salts (Ca[Al(hfip)4]2 and Ca[TPFA]2) where hfip = (-OCH(CF3)2), tftb = (-OC(CF3)(Me)2), hftb = (-OC(CF3)2(Me)), [TPFA]- = [Al(OC(CF3)3)4]-. We also reveal the dependence of Coulombic efficiency on their inherent propensity for cation-anion coordination.

Inclusive curriculum design: Meeting the diverse needs of students for social improvement

Inclusive curriculum design is a critical framework in contemporary education aimed at addressing the diverse needs of students for fostering social improvement. This review explores the foundational principles and practical strategies of inclusive curriculum design to enhance educational equity and societal progress. Inclusive curriculum design prioritizes the creation of learning environments that accommodate the varied backgrounds, abilities, and learning styles of all students. It recognizes the importance of representation, diversity, and inclusivity in course content, instructional methods, and assessment practices. By embracing diversity and equity as core values, inclusive curriculum design seeks to dismantle barriers to learning and promote equal opportunities for academic success. Central to inclusive curriculum design is the concept of universal design for learning (UDL), which emphasizes flexible instructional approaches that cater to individual differences. UDL encourages educators to provide multiple means of engagement, representation, and expression to support diverse learners effectively. Moreover, inclusive curriculum design promotes the incorporation of culturally responsive teaching practices that validate students' identities and experiences. By integrating diverse perspectives into the curriculum, educators can foster empathy, understanding, and respect among students, contributing to a more inclusive and harmonious society. Through the implementation of inclusive curriculum design, educational institutions can play a pivotal role in advancing social improvement by cultivating inclusive learning environments where every student feels valued, respected, and empowered to succeed. By embracing diversity and equity in curriculum design, educators can nurture the next generation of compassionate and socially conscious citizens who are equipped to contribute positively to a more inclusive and equitable society. Keywords: Education, Curriculum Design, Social Improvement, Diverse Needs, Students, Review.

Integrated Public Service Analysis of South Bengkulu Police Station

In the digital age, technological advancements have led to the widespread use of information systems and technology (IS/IT) to enhance public services. Implementing e-government has become crucial in supporting good governance, particularly in Government-to-Employee (G2E) and Government-to-Citizen (G2C). This study focuses on the South Bengkulu Police Station's Information System/Information Tech utilization to improve public service delivery. Through an analysis of the station's public service processes using SWOT and PEST analysis, this research aims to identify existing efforts in service development. It also aims to propose a concept for integrated public services. The findings of this analysis offer insights into optimizing police performance, benefiting the general public and internal stakeholders. However, certain limitations are acknowledged, including the lack of in-depth analysis of public service system performance and the creation of integrated service design concepts.

Building a Comprehensive Intent-Based Networking Framework: A Practical Approach from Design Concepts to Implementation

Building a Comprehensive Intent-Based Networking Framework: A Practical Approach from Design Concepts to Implementation

Paper or Tablet? The Impact of Digital Tools on Sketching During Engineering Design Concept Generation

Abstract Sketching is an important tool for engineers during concept generation. Sketch quantity during this early stage of design has been linked with eventual design outcomes and sketch quality has been linked with design perceptions. As such, both are important metrics to track. Prior work has also found gender differences in some of these sketch attributes. Given the increase in use of digital tablets for sketching, it is important to assess how tablet use affects early stage engineering design sketches. This is especially important as tablets can automatically smooth lines and help perfect sketch features, but these features may also take longer to use and may result in fewer sketches produced. This study investigates differences in sketch quality, quantity, and understandability (the effectiveness of the sketch as a communication tool) between sketching on a tablet and sketching with pen on paper during an engineering design concept generation exercise. Results indicate that there is no difference in sketch quantity or understandability between the two tools. However, sketch quality, smoothness, and proportion/accuracy are all higher for the pen and paper condition than for the tablet condition. Finally, no gender differences in performance for either sketch quantity or quality were found.

Sound Terminology in Sonification

Sonification research is intrinsically interdisciplinary. Consequently, a proper documentation of and interdisciplinary discourse about a sonification is often hindered by terminology discrepancies between involved disciplines, i.e., the lack of a common sound terminology in sonification research. Without a common ground, a researcher from one discipline may have trouble understanding the implementation and imagining the resulting sound perception of a sonification, if the sonification is described by a researcher from another discipline. To find a common ground, the author consulted literature on interdisciplinary research and discourse, identified problems that occur in sonification, and applied the recommended solutions. As a result, the author recommends considering three aspects of sonification individually, namely 1) Sound Design Concept, 2) Objective, and 3) Evaluation, clarifying which discipline is involved in which aspect and sticking to this discipline’s terminology. As two requirements of sonifications are that they are a) reproducible and b) interpretable, the author recommends documenting and discussing every sonification design once using audio engineering terminology and once using psychoacoustic terminology. The appendixes provide comprehensive lists of sound terms from both disciplines, together with relevant literature and a clarification of often misunderstood and misused terms.

A novel intralamellar semi‐bioresorbable keratoprosthesis—Part A: Design conception, material perspective, and device manufacturing

AbstractCorneal diseases are a significant cause of visual impairment and blindness. The first‐line treatment for corneal opacity is penetrating keratoplasty (human donor cornea transplantation). At present, keratoprosthesis (KPro), an artificial cornea, is the last resort for correcting end‐stage corneal blindness and is usually supported by donor tissue. This article describes a new intralamellar tissue‐free KPro design concept and its preparation method. Wherein, an injection‐molding route is adopted to create a mechanically and structurally stable near‐KPro geometry using a photo‐polymerized poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) with 4% Bisphenol A dimethacrylate (BisMA) crosslinked (PC4) hydrogel composition. Prior to this, the physico‐mechanical properties of crosslinked hydrogels matching corneal tissue are identified, and the surface morphological characteristics of silk cocoon membranes are ascertained in choosing suitable KPro materials. Cytocompatibility tests on PC4 and silk‐incorporated PC4 hydrogels using rabbit corneal fibroblast cell‐line evidenced enhancement in cell growth on silk‐PC4 surfaces. Furthermore, near KPro geometry is surface‐profiled to create a one‐of‐a‐kind design with clear optics and a silk‐bioactivated composite‐based haptic‐flange hydrogel network containing site‐specific submillimeter‐scale perforations to improve tissue integration. Considering this unique KPro geometry, the optic‐haptic‐flange construct is a tissue‐free semi‐bioresorbable hydrogel device presumed to provide stability under the influence of intraocular pressure (IOP) and eyelid shear. Through this study, it is identified new KPro materials facilitate significant cytocompatibility while complimented with site‐specific novel design would offer tissue ingrowth with gradual resorption of silk, leaving behind a stable intralamellar tissue integrated with hydrogel when implanted in the corneal niche.

Bioinspired Genetic-Algorithm Optimized Ground-Effect Wing Design: Flight Performance Benefits and Aircraft Stability Effects

This paper presents a bioinspired, genetic-algorithm evolutionary process for Ground-Effect vehicle wing design. The study made use of a rapid aerodynamic model generation and results evaluation computational fluid dynamics vortex lattice method software, supervised by a genetic algorithm optimization Python script. The design space for the aircraft wing parametric features drew inspiration from seabirds, under the assumption of their wings being naturally evolved and partially optimized for proximity flight over water surfaces. A case study was based on the A-90 Orlyonok Russian Ekranoplan, where alternative bioinspired wing variations were proposed. The study objective was to investigate the possible increased flight aircraft performance when using bioinspired wings, as well as verify the static and dynamic aircraft stability compliance for Ground-Effect flight. The methodology presented herein along with the study results, provided an incremental step towards advancing Ground-Effect aircraft conceptual designs using computational fluid dynamics.

Adaptive and Robust Vitrimers Fabricated by Synergy of Traditional and Supramolecular Polymers

AbstractVitrimers offer a unique combination of mechanical performance, reprocessability, and recyclability that makes them highly promising for a wide range of applications. However, achieving dynamic behavior in vitrimeric materials at their intended usage temperatures, thus combining reprocessability with adaptivity through associative dynamic covalent bonds, represents an attractive but formidable objective. Herein, we couple boron‐nitrogen (B−N) dative bonds and B−O covalent bonds to generate a new class of vitrimers, boron‐nitrogen vitrimers (BNVs), to endow them with dynamic features at usage temperatures. Compared with boron‐ester vitrimers (BEVs) without B−N dative bonds, the BNVs with B−N dative bonds showcase enhanced mechanical performance. The excellent mechanical properties come from the synergistic effect of the dative B−N supramolecular polymer and covalent boron‐ester networks. Moreover, benefiting from the associative exchange of B−O dynamic covalent bonds above their topological freezing temperature (Tv), the resultant BNVs also possess the processability. This study leveraged the structural characteristics of a boron‐based vitrimer to achieve material reinforcement and toughness enhancement, simultaneously providing novel design concepts for the construction of new vitrimeric materials.

Frequency-extended inverse design of transmission-type linear-to-circular polarization control metasurface based on deep learning

Abstract Due to the parameter range limitations of the training dataset, traditional inverse prediction network models can only predict structure parameters of the metasurface within a limited frequency range. When the given design targets exceed the prediction range of network models, the predicted results will not match the actual results. This paper proposes a frequency-extended inverse design method (FEIDM) based on deep learning to address the problem. The method can automatically collect the required data and train the network model based on the center working frequency of the design targets, thereby achieving accurate prediction of metasurface structural parameters and effectively reducing labor and computational costs. Taking the transmission-type linear-to-circular polarization control metasurface as an example, the unit cell of the metasurface is first established in the paper. The structural parameters and corresponding electromagnetic parameters were collected without changing the unit size of the metasurface, and an initial inverse prediction network model (IIPNM) was constructed. The research results indicate that its predictable center working frequency range is 3-5.5 GHz. Using the design concept proposed in this paper, a program was constructed, it can automatically achieve data collection, target extraction, network model training, and prediction. Four given design targets were predicted. Among them, the center working frequencies of the three design targets are outside the initial predictable range. The predicted results meet the requirements of the given target, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Finally, a set of parameters was selected to fabricate, and the experimental results are consistent with the simulation results. The research results can provide a reference for the efficient prediction of metasurface structural parameters over a wide frequency band.

Teaching Graphic Design for undergraduate students in Vietnam: a curriculum analysis

Teaching Graphic Design for undergraduate students in Vietnam: a curriculum analysis

Material Research for Hypersonic Travel

The goal of travelling faster than five times the speed ofsound, or hypersonic travel, has enormous potential to transform global transportation, defence capabilities, and space access. However, materials and structures face severe obstacles because to harsh aerothermal conditions inherent in high Mach number trajectories. This work focuses on new approaches to do research for ceramics, composites, and refractory alloys that are essential for building hypersonic vehicles. Essential design concepts for primary structures, heat shielding, and propulsion systems are covered, highlighting the critical role that theory and computation play in comprehending the links between structure, property, and processing. The remarkable high-temperature capabilities, stiffness, strength, and corrosion resistance of ceramic materials are highlighted in the study as reasons for theirincreasing importance in aircraft applications. Based on their distinct features, titanium alloys, nickel aluminides, metal- matrix composites, carbon-carbon, and ceramic-matrix composites stand out as top choices for a high temperature. In pursuit of lightweight, high- performance materials for hypersonic travel, this paper summarises ongoing researchefforts, evaluates the state of the art, offers insights into technological hurdles, and identifies areas that require future improvement. To explore the complex field of hypersonicmaterials design and selection in this research, this paper hope to shed light on the critical role that materials science plays in pushing the boundaries of aerospace technology by investigating the special difficulties presented by hypersonic flight as well as the characteristics and potential of various material classes.

Numerical and analytical investigation of thermal hydraulic behavior of large pools in passive heat exchangers

Passive residual heat removal safety systems are a modern design concept employed in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs), and operate based on natural circulation. Several passive safety systems such as the emergency condensers (EC) use heat exchanger tube bundles immersed in large pools of coolant acting as a heat-sink (secondary side). The primary side of the heat exchanger is connected to the reactor core and, when activated, removes the decay heat in case of an accident. Recent research revealed the limitation of the state-of-the-art heat transfer models to capture the heat transfer rates achieved in these systems. The problems can be identified in both – primary and the secondary sides. The main focus of this study is to investigate the thermal hydraulic behavior of the secondary side of an EC. The data from the NOKO test facility has been considered as the validation base of this study. It has been observed that strong temperature stratification establishes in the pool due to the heat transfer process happening in a confined volume zone. Under this condition, the saturation temperature is reached at higher elevations of the tank while lower the liquid remains subcooled. This leads to different thermal behavior of the liquid at different elevations in the tank which is not properly captured by simple models. In addition, due to the complexity of the heat transfer process the required computational power is another challenge to study the thermal hydraulic behavior of the system. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to correctly predict the temperature stratification in the pool and identify boiling onset at different locations specially on the heated surfaces, while maintaining minimum numerical complexity. To achieve these targets, 2D multi-phase CFD simulations of secondary side using two different frameworks was conducted using ANSYS Fluent. Then, the results were validated against experimental data to assess their accuracy to achieve the best simulation approach.

Inclusive curriculum design: Meeting the diverse needs of students for social improvement

Inclusive curriculum design is a critical framework in contemporary education aimed at addressing the diverse needs of students for fostering social improvement. This review explores the foundational principles and practical strategies of inclusive curriculum design to enhance educational equity and societal progress. Inclusive curriculum design prioritizes the creation of learning environments that accommodate the varied backgrounds, abilities, and learning styles of all students. It recognizes the importance of representation, diversity, and inclusivity in course content, instructional methods, and assessment practices. By embracing diversity and equity as core values, inclusive curriculum design seeks to dismantle barriers to learning and promote equal opportunities for academic success. Central to inclusive curriculum design is the concept of universal design for learning (UDL), which emphasizes flexible instructional approaches that cater to individual differences. UDL encourages educators to provide multiple means of engagement, representation, and expression to support diverse learners effectively. Moreover, inclusive curriculum design promotes the incorporation of culturally responsive teaching practices that validate students' identities and experiences. By integrating diverse perspectives into the curriculum, educators can foster empathy, understanding, and respect among students, contributing to a more inclusive and harmonious society. Through the implementation of inclusive curriculum design, educational institutions can play a pivotal role in advancing social improvement by cultivating inclusive learning environments where every student feels valued, respected, and empowered to succeed. By embracing diversity and equity in curriculum design, educators can nurture the next generation of compassionate and socially conscious citizens who are equipped to contribute positively to a more inclusive and equitable society.

Influential Content Design in Graphic Design

The aim of this enquiry is to explore the delivery of influential graphic design content that is sensitive to the wants and needs of the target audience. By means of visual communication, how can the visions, aspirations, feelings and decision processes of the audience be stimulated so as to elicit more successful responses and subsequent interactions? The researcher has relied upon a descriptive analytical approach, based upon e-questionnaire answers from a sample of 41 Saudi Arabian designers, who provided 82% of the data statistics for this research, and 9 expatriate designers living in KSA, who contributed 18%. A theoretical framework that draws upon the existing literature concerning the concept of influential design content and its concepts in contemporary graphic design thought is proposed below. The results of this enquiry are used to develop a proposed strategy for effective design according to the above sustainable concepts, with the aim of embodying and enhancing the relevant cultural and design content. This exposition concludes by presenting the recommendations related to the linking of theoretical and applied concepts that emphasize the complementarity between them. Building an effective strategy that embodies sustainable professional values that contribute to achieving the concepts of influential design and its content is also recommended.

Automatic Vehicle Fueling System using PLC Controlled Robotic Arm - A Simulation Design

The objective of this research is to simulate an automatic fuelling system using a PLC LogixPro simulation. The system includes the “FASS” concept, which is Fast, Accurate, Safe and Simple, to allow car users to have an efficient fuel filling system. The design concept consists of three processes – identification of the vehicle, payment, and filling with the fuel. The first process identifies the presence of the car by the in-floor weight sensors. The weight sensor identifies the car, locks it in position, and activates the payment system. The second process activates the payment system. After payment is completed, the fuel cap will be opened to enable the system to start filling the fuel. If the payment doesn’t go through the car will be released, manual operation will be initialized, and the entire system will be reset. A timer is included in the payment section to process the payment. In the third process, the filling arm is extended to the car, the fuel cap is opened, the fuel pump is inserted into the tank, and fuel is directed into the tank. Once the tank is full, filling is stopped, the pump is ejected, the fuel cap is closed, and the arm returned back to its position. Thus, an automatic vehicle fuelling system is created to overcome the problems of poor safety and longer waiting time during peak hours. The fuel cap is activated and deactivated by pressure and the sensor filler is stopped by a level sensor. The pump insert is activated and deactivated by a photosensor.

A newly developed 10kA-level HTS conductor: innovative tenon-mortise-based modularized conductor (TMMC) based on China ancient architecture

Abstract We propose a new type of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) conductor concept: modularized conductors (MC) connected by Chinese traditional tenon-mortise (TM) connection structure, reffered as TMMC. The conductor consists of multiple concentric round sub-conductors with slots for stacking REBCO tapes. Innovatively, the REBCO stacks in the adjacent sub-conductors are arranged with the fully-misaligned configuration to enhance the critical current’s isotropy with respect to magnetic field and reduce ac loss. For example, the angle between the adjacent stacks in the two adjacent sub-conductors is 45o if each sub-conductor contains 4 REBCO stacks. In order to construct the fully-misaligned configuration, the sub-conductors are designed with two open half-circular formers and connected by tenon-mortise structure which makes the conductor modulrized and simply to assembly and disassembly. Based on the design concept, a prototype conductor containing 160 REBCO tapes distributed in the four concentric sub-conductors is fabricated. The conductor’s measured critical current is 13.69 kA at 77 K and sefl-field, which is consistent to the simulaiton result. In order to further improve the TMMC’s engineering critical current density (Jce) and bending performance, we propose two enhancement approaches: reducing the former’s thickness and re-arrange stacks in the outer sub-conductors. With the enhancements, both TMMC’s radius and Jce are comparable to the existing slotted-core conductor. The study shows the TMMC’s advantages of non-twisted structures, easy assembly, high-current carrying and low ac losses, which makes it promising for constructing large-scale scientific devices.

Perancangan Homestay Moni Kecamatan Kelimutu Kabupaten Ende (Tema Arsitektur Neo Vernakuler)

ABSTRACT   DOMINGGUS PITERSON BABO 2018320320. Moni Homestay Design, Kelimutu District, Ende Regency (Neo Vernacular Architecture Theme). Faculty of Engineering, University of Flores, Ende, 2023.. Mobile Number : 081339344579, E-mail : babosoni@gmail.com supervisor I : Ir. Dian Fitriawati Mochdar, ST., MT. supervisor II : Fabiola T.A, Kerong. ST., MT. Moni Kelimutu tourist destinations include culinary tourism, shopping tourism, and recreational tourism. This has a positive impact because the number of tourists coming is increasing. Therefore Homestay lodging is a very important element to support the existing potential. Homestay has an important role to introduce the character of each region. Ende Regency is one of the districts with many tribes and precisely in the Kelimutu sub-district, the local community highly respects customs and habits, so Moni's homestay is designed with the Neo Vernacular theme which aims to strengthen the identity and character of the local indigenous tribes. The application of this theme is dominated by wood elements as an aesthetic element of the building both in the facade of the building and in the atmosphere of the building space. Wood is the main material for building traditional Lio houses. So that the Homestay is designed to have the feel of the local environment so that people who stay at this Homestay feel the character of the local area. The methods used in this planning and design are 1). data collection methods include primary data (observation, documentation and interviews) and secondary data (literature studies and comparative studies); 2). The analysis method explains each analysis which contains field data, design criteria (theory), alternative analysis (alternative 1 and alternative 2), and responses (alternative selection). Analysis methods include analysis of design objects; site analysis; functional analysis (space organization, namely the organizational structure of actors, analysis of activities and space requirements (analysis of actors and actors' activities), room analysis (conditions, circulation, organization, relationships, size and zoning of space), shape analysis and analysis of building mass placement patterns; analysis building systems (structure and utilities); as well as analysis of regional regulations. 3). The design method includes design ideas and design concepts, namely the concept of neo vernacular architecture. The results obtained from designing Moni's homestay are based on a neo vernacular architectural approach which emphasizes more on building materials and site processing. The facilities built include the main facilities in the form of accommodation (suite room and standard type homestay), management building, as well as supporting facilities in the form of a cafeteria, photo spot, outdoor room and service area, parking. Keywords: Tourism, Homestay, Neo Vernacular Architecture

Water Proofing System in Concrete Structures

Water proof structure is a design concept that aims to repel water and prevent any moisture from seeping into the materials used in construction. This type of structure is particularly important in areas prone to heavy rainfall or flooding, as it helps maintain the integrity and durability of the building. Water proof concrete is formulated with additives and admixtures that create a barrier against water infiltration, making it ideal for areas prone to high levels of humidity or moisture. By incorporating this technology into construction projects, builders can ensure that their structures remain protected from the damaging effects of moisture, such as mold growth, deterioration of building materials, and potential structural issues. The use of abstract damp proof concrete represents a forward-thinking approach to building design and can greatly enhance the durability and longevity of a building.Crystalline admix water proofing with water stops, water proofing with Atactic Polypropylene membrane, and injection are the water proofing systems most commonly used in basements. Using non-shrinking cementitious grout for waterproofing, concrete must have crystalline admixtures made of cementitious powder and water. For toilets in non-sunken places, water proofing with an elastomeric cementitious coating is used. In sunken areas, brick jelly cement concrete with inherent water proofing compound is used.In this paper it deals with the different types of water proofing system..

Dual-phase prediction model of passenger thermal sensation using facial thermal imaging and environmental factors

The concept of passenger-centric design has become increasingly significant in the intelligent automotive industry. Enhancing in-cabin thermal comfort while maintaining energy efficiency is crucial, and to this end, we leverage real-time passenger thermal sensation as a basis for HVAC control strategies. This study introduces a non-invasive, dual-phase prediction model that evaluates passenger thermal comfort by utilizing facial thermal imaging and environmental factors. The proposed model employs a deep learning neural network to extract pertinent features from the facial thermal images for an initial prediction. Then this prediction is refined by integrating it with environmental data through a machine learning algorithm, facilitating real-time personal thermal comfort assessment. Data collection for the model was performed across two distinct seasons, with 22 participants in summer and 18 in winter, gathering facial thermal images, environmental parameters, and thermal sensation votes to construct a comprehensive dataset. Analysis revealed a set of critical environmental factors that correlate strongly with thermal sensation votes, which were used as auxiliary features in the model. The performance of the proposed dual-phase approach, combining deep learning and machine learning techniques, demonstrated robust effectiveness on both summer and winter datasets. This substantiates the method's practicality for real-world application within vehicle environments.